In this session, Tim Adams explains how the special education process—grounded in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act—requires schools to address challenging behaviors that interfere with learning, attendance, and access to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). He outlines how behavior needs should be assessed (including Functional Behavioral Assessments), translated into measurable goals and a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP), and revised as needs change. Adams also walks families through key procedural safeguards when discipline arises, including suspension limits, manifestation determination meetings, and students’ continued right to FAPE. Throughout, he emphasizes that strong data, qualified evaluators, and (when needed) Independent Educational Evaluations are often the turning point for designing effective supports and resolving disputes.